[Grammar] Inverted Word Order

1. Word order is inverted only in certain cases.
    => Only in certain cases is word order inverted.
2. Experiments in communal living in the U.S. have rarely lasted for a long time.
    => Rarely have experiments in communal living in the U.S. lasted for a long time.
3. He did not stop crying until his mother came to comfort him.
    => Not until did his mother come to comfort him, he stopped crying.
4. She will not leave on any account.
    => On no account will she leave.
5. They could not find the lost bracelet anywhere.
    => Nowhere could they not find the lost bracelet.
6. Snow seldom falls in the southern states.
    => Seldom does snow fall in the southern states.
7. He can only achieve his goal by hard work.
    => Only by hard work can he achieve his goal.
8. I did not realize the seriousness of the problem before I talked with her.
    => Only after I talked with her, did I realize the seriousness of the problem.
9. As soon as he had heard the news, he telephoned us.
    => No sooner had he heard the news than he telephoned us.
10. The new President had just taken office when violence erupted.
    => Hardly had the new President taken office when violence erupted.
11. John not only works hard, but also has good luck.
    => Not only does John work hard, but also has good luck.
12. The machine was not only expensive, but difficult to use as well.
    => Not only was the machine expensive, but difficult to use as well.
13. He goes to school full-time during the day and has a part-time job at night.
    => Not only does he go to school full-time during the day, but he also has a part-time job at night.
14. He had neither any relatives in the U.S. nor many friends.
   => Not only did he have any relatives in the U.S. but also many friends.
15. The district Attorney's office offered her a job, and the Legal Aid Society did too.
   => The district Attorney's office offered her a job, as did the Legal Aid Society.
16. He neither complained nor criticized.
    => Not only did he complained but also criticized.
17. The weather was so bad that the flight was cancelled.
    => So bad was the weather that the flight was cancelled.
18. People complained so bitterly about the loud radios that the government passed any ordinance forbidding them.
    => So bitterly did people complained so the loud radios that the government passed any ordinance forbidding them.

Punctuation: Semi-colons and Colons

A. Uses of the Semicolon

1. To Connect Two Independent Clauses
• "This could be a complete sentence; this could be another one."
• "Twelve workers started the project; only five remain."
• You usually don't use a semicolon if there's a conjunction between the clauses (and, but, etc.).
2. As a Super-comma
1. We visited Pago Pago, Western Samoa; Curitiba, Brazil; and St. George, Utah.
2. The trio's birthdays are November 10, 1946; December 7, 1947; and October 31, 1950.

B. Uses of The Colon

1. To introduce a list or an enumeration
• This outcome is consistent with the U.S. Supreme Court decisions in three significant cases: Anderson v. Shipowners, United Mineworkers v. Pennington, and Federal Maritime Commission v. Pacific Maritime Association.
2. To expand on the previous statement with a clarifying statement, illustration or result.
• Most of the report consists of hearsay: the statements of others are summarized, quoted, or otherwise relied on.
3. To formally introduce a question
• The Court found that the agreement was invalid: "The owners have limited the activities of the seamen to an extent impermissible by law."
4. For the salutation in a formal letter
• Dear Mr. Lee:

Order and Punctuation of Adjectives

1. Order of Adjectives

Predeterminer number pronoun	Article	General Adjective	Size	Shape	Age	Color	Origin	Noun as ADJ Material	Noun As ADJ Non- Material	Noun
Most of	the	pretty	little	round	antique	white	Mayan	rubber	flower	toys
Some	a	beautiful						leather		vase

2. Using Commas or "and" Between Adjectives

When two or three adjectives are used before a noun, each of which belongs to a different class (size, age, etc.), it is usually not necessary to separate the adjectives with commas.  But when there are two adjectives of the same class, they should generally be separated with commas:

ex) a big red European automobile vs. a deep, peaceful sleep